Health
Reverse sneezing
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Reverse sneezing (also called backwards sneezing) or inspiratory
paroxysmal respiration is a phenomenon observed in dogs whose exact
cause is unknown but may be due to nasal, pharyngeal, or sinus irriation
(such as an allergy) or the dog's attempt to remove mucus. It is
characterized by rapid and repeated forced inhalation through the
nose, accompanied by snorting or gagging sounds. It is alarming to the
owner and may be distressing to the dog, but is not known to be harmful
to the animal. Most dogs are completely normal before and after
episodes. In addition most dogs will have repeat episodes of it during
their lives.
According to Dr. Holly Frisby, DVM, "During a reverse sneeze, the dog
will make rapid and long inspirations, stand still, and extend his head
(and neck). A loud snorting sound is produced...."
Reverse sneezing also commonly occurs while the dog is asleep, and
also immediately following a long nap. [1]. Other dogs may experience it
following play, exercise, or meals, but most of the time episodes are
completely random. Smaller dogs seem slightly more susceptible to it;
however any dog can develop it regardless of size.
Differential diagnoses include tracheal collapse [2].
A common remedy is to pinch the dogs nose and scratch their throat.
Lightly blowing in their face may also help. The dog will swallow a
couple of times and then stop the reverse sneezing. While most dogs do
not require medication, antihistamines and steroids may help if the
problem is serious, chronic, and allergy-related
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Reverse sneezing (also called backwards sneezing) or inspiratory
paroxysmal respiration is a phenomenon observed in dogs whose exact
cause is unknown but may be due to nasal, pharyngeal, or sinus irriation
(such as an allergy) or the dog's attempt to remove mucus. It is
characterized by rapid and repeated forced inhalation through the
nose, accompanied by snorting or gagging sounds. It is alarming to the
owner and may be distressing to the dog, but is not known to be harmful
to the animal. Most dogs are completely normal before and after
episodes. In addition most dogs will have repeat episodes of it during
their lives.
According to Dr. Holly Frisby, DVM, "During a reverse sneeze, the dog
will make rapid and long inspirations, stand still, and extend his head
(and neck). A loud snorting sound is produced...."
Reverse sneezing also commonly occurs while the dog is asleep, and
also immediately following a long nap. [1]. Other dogs may experience it
following play, exercise, or meals, but most of the time episodes are
completely random. Smaller dogs seem slightly more susceptible to it;
however any dog can develop it regardless of size.
Differential diagnoses include tracheal collapse [2].
A common remedy is to pinch the dogs nose and scratch their throat.
Lightly blowing in their face may also help. The dog will swallow a
couple of times and then stop the reverse sneezing. While most dogs do
not require medication, antihistamines and steroids may help if the
problem is serious, chronic, and allergy-related
Papillons may be affected by
the following conditions:
Luxating patella
Progressive retinal atrophy
Reverse sneezing
the following conditions:
Luxating patella
Progressive retinal atrophy
Reverse sneezing
Luxating patella
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 M21.1
Luxating patella (or trick knee or subluxation of patella),
is a condition in which the patella, or kneecap, dislocates
or moves out of its normal location.
Patellar luxation is a common condition in dogs,
particularly small and miniature breeds.
Diagnosis is made through palpation of the knee. X-rays
are necessary in some cases. The luxating patella often
causes no or very slight symptoms. There may be
intermittent limping in the rear leg. Osteoarthritis can
develop secondarily.
There are four diagnostic grades of patellar luxation[3],
each more severe than the previous:
Grade I - the patella can be manually luxated but is
reduced (returns to the normal position) when released;
Grade II - the patella can be manually luxated or it can
spontaneously luxate with flexion of the stifle joint. The
patella remains luxated until it is manually reduced or
when the animal extends the joint and derotates the tibia
in the opposite direction of luxation;
Grade III - the patella remains luxated most of the time but
can be manually reduced with the stifle joint in extension.
Flexion and extension of the stifle results in reluxation
of the patella;
Grade IV - the patella is permanently luxated and cannot
be manually repositioned. There may be up to 90¼ of
rotation of the proximal tibial plateau. The femoral
trochlear groove is shallow or absent, and there is
displacement of the quadriceps muscle group in the
direction of luxation.
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 M21.1
Luxating patella (or trick knee or subluxation of patella),
is a condition in which the patella, or kneecap, dislocates
or moves out of its normal location.
Patellar luxation is a common condition in dogs,
particularly small and miniature breeds.
Diagnosis is made through palpation of the knee. X-rays
are necessary in some cases. The luxating patella often
causes no or very slight symptoms. There may be
intermittent limping in the rear leg. Osteoarthritis can
develop secondarily.
There are four diagnostic grades of patellar luxation[3],
each more severe than the previous:
Grade I - the patella can be manually luxated but is
reduced (returns to the normal position) when released;
Grade II - the patella can be manually luxated or it can
spontaneously luxate with flexion of the stifle joint. The
patella remains luxated until it is manually reduced or
when the animal extends the joint and derotates the tibia
in the opposite direction of luxation;
Grade III - the patella remains luxated most of the time but
can be manually reduced with the stifle joint in extension.
Flexion and extension of the stifle results in reluxation
of the patella;
Grade IV - the patella is permanently luxated and cannot
be manually repositioned. There may be up to 90¼ of
rotation of the proximal tibial plateau. The femoral
trochlear groove is shallow or absent, and there is
displacement of the quadriceps muscle group in the
direction of luxation.
Progressive retinal atrophy
(PRA) is a group of genetic diseases characterized by
degeneration of the retina that occurs bilaterally. It is
seen in certain breeds of dogs and more rarely, cats. It
causes progressive vision loss culminating in blindness.
The condition in nearly all breeds is inherited as an
autosomal recessive trait, with the exception of the
Siberian Husky (inherited as an X chromosome linked
trait) and the Bullmastiff (inherited as an autosomal
dominant trait).[1] There is no treatment. PRA is similar
to retinitis pigmentosa in humans.[2]
Commonly affected breeds:[3]
Akita - Symptoms at one to three years old and
blindness at three to five years old.
Miniature longhaired Dachshund - Symptoms at six
months old.
Papillon - Slowly progressive with blindness at seven
to eight years old.
Tibetan Spaniel - Symptoms at three to five years old.
Tibetan Terrier - Symptoms at less than one year old,
often blind by two years old, and cataract formation
by four years old.
Samoyed - Symptoms by three to five years old.
(PRA) is a group of genetic diseases characterized by
degeneration of the retina that occurs bilaterally. It is
seen in certain breeds of dogs and more rarely, cats. It
causes progressive vision loss culminating in blindness.
The condition in nearly all breeds is inherited as an
autosomal recessive trait, with the exception of the
Siberian Husky (inherited as an X chromosome linked
trait) and the Bullmastiff (inherited as an autosomal
dominant trait).[1] There is no treatment. PRA is similar
to retinitis pigmentosa in humans.[2]
Commonly affected breeds:[3]
Akita - Symptoms at one to three years old and
blindness at three to five years old.
Miniature longhaired Dachshund - Symptoms at six
months old.
Papillon - Slowly progressive with blindness at seven
to eight years old.
Tibetan Spaniel - Symptoms at three to five years old.
Tibetan Terrier - Symptoms at less than one year old,
often blind by two years old, and cataract formation
by four years old.
Samoyed - Symptoms by three to five years old.
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